主动脉夹层患者术前决策现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解主动脉夹层患者术前决策现状并分析其影响因素，为决策辅助方案构建提供参考。方法 在患者知情同意的基础上，采用一般资料调查表、决策参与量表、决策冲突量表对110例主动脉夹层患者进行调查。结果 主动脉夹层患者术前决策过程中，59例(53.64%)倾向于与医生共享决策，但实际参与过程中60例(54.54%)为被动决策。患者决策冲突得分45.91±9.30。多元逐步回归结果显示，并存疾病数量、婚姻状况、家庭月收入、以往就医体验、实际参与角色是主动脉夹层患者决策冲突的主要影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 主动脉夹层患者术前决策期望与实际参与存在差异，决策冲突处于高水平，且受多因素影响。医务人员应加强与患者的沟通，尊重患者决策偏好，以信息支持为基础构建决策辅助工具，为患者提供适当决策支持，降低决策冲突。     

Colitis and colorectal tumors should be further explored and differentiated

The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this letter, we offer some other perspectives. Risk factors for colorectal tumors include type 2 diabetes. Among genetic factors, the deletion or mutation of some genes, such as the p53 gene, can lead to colorectal tumors. There are significant gender differences in the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors. Some non-genetic factors, such as smoking, are also associated with the development of colorectal tumors. These all suggest that colorectal tumors are not only caused by ulcerative colitis, and we suggest further exploration and differentiation between colitis and colorectal tumors.     

Measuring healthy female nulliparous pubovisceral muscle from diffusion kurtosis imaging

This study explores the feasibility of using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the pelvic floor region and assesses the water diffusivity of the pubovisceral muscle. Twenty-seven healthy young nulliparous females underwent DKI at 3.0 T that included 15 gradient directions and three b values (0, 750, and 1500 s/mm²). The diffusion tensor and diffusion kurtosis metrics values of the pubovisceral muscle were measured after image processing. Two independent sample t-tests, a paired-samples t-test, and a nonparametric hypothesis test were performed as appropriate to compare the differences among different metrics. Twenty-six subjects (mean ± standard deviation age, 25 ± 2 years) were successfully analyzed by measuring the diffusion tensor and diffusion kurtosis metrics of the bilateral pubovisceral muscles. The metrics included mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis, radial kurtosis, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. We found no statistically significant differences for these measurement values between the left and right pubovisceral muscles (p = 0.271–0.931). However, radial kurtosis was greater than axial kurtosis in both pubovisceral muscles (p < 0.001) and axial diffusivity was lower than radial diffusivity in both pubovisceral muscles (p < 0.001). We deem the application of DKI technology to the pelvic floor region to be feasible.     

Frame Invariance and Scalability of Neural Operators for Partial Differential Equations

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a dominant role in the mathematical modeling of many complex dynamical processes. Solving these PDEs often requires prohibitively high computational costs, especially when multiple evaluations must be made for different parameters or conditions. After training, neural operators can provide PDEs solutions significantly faster than traditional PDE solvers. In this work, invariance properties and computational complexity of two neural operators are examined for transport PDE of a scalar quantity. Neural operator based on graph kernel network (GKN) operates on graph-structured data to incorporate nonlocal dependencies. Here we propose a modified formulation of GKN to achieve frame invariance. Vector cloud neural network (VCNN) is an alternate neural operator with embedded frame invariance which operates on point cloud data. GKN-based neural operator demonstrates slightly better predictive performance compared to VCNN. However, GKN requires an excessively high computational cost that increases quadratically with the increasing number of discretized objects as compared to a linear increase for VCNN.     

中医药对淋巴管新生与回流功能的作用研究进展＊

淋巴管作为循环系统的重要组成部分之一，具有调节机体体液稳态，协助免疫监视和肠道脂质吸收等重要作用。淋巴管新生是机体生理和病理过程中维持脉管系统结构和功能正常的重要手段，淋巴管新生调控对于防治肿瘤、心血管等诸多疾病有着潜在的临床转化意义；淋巴回流功能则与关节炎症等疾病发病机制关系密切。在循环系统中，相较于中医药调控血管相关疾病的发病机制已取得很大进展，近年来对于淋巴管的研究则明显相对滞后。本文从中医药作用于淋巴管新生及回流功能角度对这一领域的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床上中医药治疗相关疾病提供新的思路与方法。     

针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的网状Meta分析＊

目的 运用网状Meta分析方法评价针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的疗效。方法 运用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、维普（VIP）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM），搜寻有关针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的随机对照试验。所有研究人员均独立纳排文献、提录资料、风险评估，对符合质量标准的RCT研究采用Stata16.0和Review Manager 5.4软件进行分析。结果 共检索出6561篇文献，最终纳入37项研究，涉及10种针灸联合关节松动术方法。总样本量2890例，其中试验组1432例，对照组1458例。网状Meta分析所得结果表明：①在总有效率方面，最好的3种治疗方法为内热针联合组、温针联合组、动筋针联合组；②在降低VAS评分方面，最好的3种治疗方法为内热针联合组、动筋针联合组、针刀联合组。结论 针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎疗效总体优于单独使用，且内热针联合组具有最佳的疗效。     

第三腰椎骨骼肌指数对食管癌患者生存结局的预测 价值

目的 探讨第三腰椎骨骼肌指数(L3-SMI)预测食管癌患者总生存(OS)期的最佳截止点与临床应用价值。 方法 对 2016 年 1 月至 2020 年 10 月于南通大学附属海安医院接受手术或根治性放化疗的 150 例食管癌患者进行回顾性分析,通过分 析每例患者的腹部计算机断层扫描(CT)影像,计算 L3-SMI。 通过受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线认定 L3-SMI 预测食管癌患者预 后的最佳截止点,并将所有患者分为低 L3-SMI 组与高 L3-SMI 组进行生存分析。 采用 Kaplan-Meier 曲线计算两组患者的 3 年 OS 率,单、多因素 Cox 回归分析确定 L3-SMI 在食管癌患者中的独立预后价值。 结果 研究队列中,男性患者 L3-SMI 平均 值为(43. 8±6. 3)cm 2 / m 2 ,女性为(38. 7±6. 7)cm 2 / m 2 ,L3-SMI 预测食管癌患者预后的理想截止点为:男性<42. 8 cm 2 / m 2 ,女性< 39. 2 cm 2 / m 2 ,曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为 0. 628(95%CI = 0. 515~ 0. 742)和 0. 654(95%CI = 0. 513 ~ 0. 796)。 根据 L3-SMI 的 最佳截止点,将所有患者分为高 L3-SMI 组(n = 79)与低 L3-SMI 组(n = 71)。 结果显示,两组患者 3 年 OS 率分别为 33. 5%和 54. 6%,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 = 5. 358,P = 0. 021)。 亚组分析表明,低 L3-SMI 与男性患者不良预后显著相关( 3 年 OS 率: 24. 8%比 53. 6%,χ 2 = 4. 752,P= 0. 029)。 对于女性食管癌患者,低 L3-SMI 组患者较高 L3-SMI 组有更低的 3 年 OS 率(39. 8% 比 65. 4%),但差异无统计学意义(χ 2 = 1. 835,P= 0. 176)。 单、多因素 Cox 回归分析证实,影响食管癌患者预后的独立因素包 括低 L3-SMI(HR= 1. 669,95%CI = 1. 062 ~ 2. 625,P = 0. 027)、预后营养指数(PNI) <50. 2(HR = 1. 700,95%CI = 1. 033 ~ 2. 796, P= 0. 037)与 TNM 分期Ⅲ期(HR= 1. 503,95%CI = 1. 077~ 2. 479,P = 0. 024)。 结论 L3-SMI 是一项预测食管癌患者预后的重 要影像学参数。     

China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Improved survival after multidisciplinary team decision for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer: A multicenter,noninterventional, controlled study

Formal multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions in clinical practice require time and space but have unclear survival benefits for advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the long-term survival of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer after MDT decision. From June 2017 to June 2019, continuous MDT discussions on advanced gastrointestinal cancer were conducted in 13 medical centers in China. MDT decisions and actual treatment received by patients were prospectively recorded. The primary endpoint was the difference in overall survival (OS) between patients in the MDT decision implementation and nonimplementation groups. The secondary endpoints included the implementation rate of MDT decisions and subgroup survival analysis. A total of 461 MDT decisions of 455 patients were included in our study. The implementation rate of MDT decisions was 85.7%. Previous treatment had an impact on MDT decision-making. The OS was 24.0 months and 17.0 months in the implementation and nonimplementation groups, respectively. The implementation of MDT decisions significantly reduced the risk of death in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.518; 95% confidence interval: 0.304-0.884, P = .016). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in survival of patients with colorectal cancer, but not in survival of patients with gastric cancer. The rate of secondary MDT discussion was only 5.6% among patients who the MDT decisions were discontinued due to changes in their condition. MDT discussion can prolong the OS of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially those with colorectal cancer. Timely scheduling of the subsequent MDT discussion is necessary when the disease condition changes.